This collection of essays by prominent scholars surveys the ways in which the Decalogue—the Ten Commandments—has been understood and appropriated from biblical times until today. With chapters devoted to major thinkers—such as Aquinas, Barth, Calvin, Luther, Maimonides, and Wesley—the writers explore ways the Decalogue has provided theological, ethical, moral, and devotional reflection throughout many facets of religious thought. The pieces reveal both the continuities in interpretation through the centuries as well as ways in which individual theologians departed from reigning readings to develop new directions.